The monograph examines the most important issues related to climate change, global warming, the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the climate system, the factors that provoke climate change, forecasts and consequences of climate change, adaptation to climate change processes, the transition to a green economy in the context of climate change, the impact of the Aral environmental crisis on the climate of the region, etc., and also analyzes from various scientific positions the implementation of the main goals of the global initiatives of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, the respected Emomali Rahmon, the role of Tajikistan in solving global water and climate problems, the country's obligations under international environmental documents.